Iraq, located in the Middle East, is a country of ancient civilizations and rich cultural heritage. Often called the cradle of civilization, it is home to Mesopotamia, where writing, law, and early urban life began. Baghdad, the capital, was a center of learning during the Islamic Golden Age. Iraq’s landscapes range from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to desert plains and northern mountains. Despite modern challenges, Iraq remains a land of historical significance, with ancient sites like Babylon and Ur drawing global interest.